Family socilogy (The influence of the family structure) Essay

Family socilogy (The impact of the family structure) - Essay Example Family has consistently assumed a crucial job in requesting society and in deciding life odds of different people. The word family holds distinctive importance for various individuals and used to represent a wide range of perspectives. Giddens characterizes the family as a â€Å"group of people legitimately connected by kinfolk associations, the grown-up individuals from which accept accountability for thinking about children†. By kids he implied who are subject to their folks for their employment; are matured under 16 or 17 and are in full time training. Till today families are liable for the childhood and support of youngsters. They are the ones who give love and care as well as money related help to kids. The principle capacities performed by the family is to train a youngster discipline, judge between what is good and bad and a worthy standard of conduct. In this article, we will talk about to what degree is family fundamental to the lives of kids in Britain. Gordon Brown had communicated that family is the establishment on which our networks, our general public and our nation are assembled. In any case, it has been found as of late that the customary convictions and estimations of families have experienced heaps of social and monetary changes. Prior the establishment stone of families used to be love and care however today it has been supplanted by looser and material needs of cash and self-centeredness. These elements have prompted the rise of new kinds of families like solitary parent families, step families, balanced families and live together families. (refered to in Duncan and Phillips, 2008:1). The segment change in Europe began from the 1950’s is as yet proceeding with today. Ansley Coale’s has depicted segment progress â€Å"as a change from the conventional society where high mortality and natality rates existed to an industrialized society wherein natality and portability are balanced out at low levels.† Th is change has been the aftereffect of different social and financial changes, for example, urbanization, training levels, profitable structure and secularization and so on. The adjustments in the patterns of life of individuals have achieved a significant change in the manner kids see family in Britain (Pairo, 1997). As indicated by Squire, a family structure changes with understanding and life occasions as a youngster develops from adolescence to adulthood. Each family capacities in a one of a kind route because of varieties in family types, family structures and the division of local work. Additionally the creation of the family is affected by the social, social and financial attributes of various ethnic gatherings. These variables influence the degree to which a family could possibly be key to the lives of youngsters. Albeit all family structures are one of a kind however they make them thing in like manner †they all give passionate and common auxiliary help to all youngster s. A family assists with finding a kid socially and along these lines go about as one of the key mingling specialists (Squire, 2003:60). A child’s satisfaction and sound improvement relies upon a huge scope on the sort of relationship that exists between guardians, grandparents and other caring grown-ups in the family and most significantly among youngsters and grown-ups. As indicated by research in 2008, 64 % of kids live in wedded families with couples, 23% of youngsters live in solitary parent family and 13% live with living together couples (Mapalthorpe et al., 2008:4).The examination likewise uncovers that marriage isn't essential for the fruitful running of the family yet great relations matter. Likewise, 78% of people have concurred that it isn't separate from that hurts youngsters yet parental clashes. As per the individualistic hypothesis, families should turn out to be increasingly liberal, with youngsters having a state in significant family choices. Additionally, natural guardians ought to give child rearing to their youngsters deep rooted which will help in their development towards adulthood. Be that as it may, research says something else â€step fathers can similarly fare thee well and present love on them when contrasted with natural dads. Generally family had been viewed as

Cancer Care Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Disease Care - Coursework Example In actuality, vinyl chlorides encourage the advancement of liver sarcomas. The motivation behind malignancy the study of disease transmission helps in bringing up the zones of conveyance of disease and revealing the primary hazard factor that causes and intensifies the malignant growth cases. Epidemiologic examination or research gives an engaging, cross-sectional, natural, and deliberate investigations that connect working on it control and exceptionally involved intercession process in overseeing of the malignancy cases. The previous 56 years has been portrayed by a concentrated research in the malignancy field to uncover the genuine idea of disease and therefore give light on the idea of the hazard factor on malignancy (Kelvin and Tyson, 2011, p78). Occurrence alludes to various new cases detailed in a fixed timeframe isolated by the quantity of individuals who are uncovered in danger. For all intents and purposes the time term of study is regularly picked to be a year and is alluded to as a yearly frequency (Fleishman, 2012, p34). The significance of essential the study of disease transmission in the counteraction of malignant growth traces the arrangements of involved intercessions that consistently evades the advancement of the carcinogenic procedure. This gatherings of the procedure incorporate wellbeing directing and involved training, keeping of item security, guaranteeing of natural controls. The essential endeavors target controlling what may cause the advancement of the dangerous cells yet auxiliary controls chiefly manages the treatment or decrease of malignant growth development after discovery or analysis. Item wellbeing is a solid segment of essential anticipation since a large portion of the synthetic substances are the sole reason and initiating component of disease. The avoidance of malignant growth, at the essential level, fundamentally puts resources into arranging, assessment and execution of the anticipations systems involved in the improvement of the understanding ideas that basic on contro lling of disease (Wallace and Kelnar, 2009, p56). The essential counteraction is regularly intended for the avoidance of disease

Top 10 Tips for Communicating With Us No. 2 Dont create duplicate applications COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Top 10 Tips for Communicating With Us No. 2 Dont create duplicate applications COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Updated: March 2016 This is the second entry in our “Top 10? list for you to consider when communicating with the Office of Admissions  and applying. Number 2 â€" Dont create duplicate applications It is bound to happen, you create an online application and somewhere along the line you are going to lose your username or password. Please do not follow the temptation to simply create a new application. Having multiple applications in the system can lead to problems with tracking documents. Our software provider has tools that will allow you to retrieve your username and password so do not create another account because you forgot your password. As an example of what can happen, perhaps you have one “active” application in the system and one that is “hibernating” (you lost the user name or password) and will never be used. Our office does not know which is the “real” application and this may lead to our office tracking different documents to different applications and therefore neither of the applications may reach complete status. Please contact technical support (see instructions on the application site) if you lose your username or password and do not succumb to the temptation to create a new application. There is one important footnote. In some cases SIPA does allow for applications to more than one program. In this case, applicants will want to create more than one application in the online system and inform our office that they are applying to two different programs by sending an email to sipa_admission@columbia.edu. Here are some important details. In examples 2 and 3 below, the same application system is used, but two separate applications must be created. An applicant may not apply to both the MIA and MPA program. An applicant may apply to either the MIA or the MPA and to any of the following programs: PEPM, PESP, MPA-DP, EMPA. Applicants can also apply to either the MIA or MPA and to any one of the international dual degree programs listed here: an MPA with the London School of Economics, an MPA with Sciences Po, an MPP with Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, an MPP with the Hertie School of Governance, and an MIA or MPA with FGV-EAESP in São Paolo. The dual degree MIA program with Sciences Po requires that an application be submitted only through the Sciences Po application site. If an applicant wishes to apply for the dual MIA degree with Sciences Po and to SIPA, that is fine and would require two applications: 1) one for the dual degree program through the Sciences Po Web site 2) One for the stand alone program at SIPA through our online system. For details on all of our international dual degree programs, visit our international dual-degree page. If any of this sounds confusing, I do not blame you â€" it can be a bit complex. If you have questions about our international dual degree programs our Office of Student Affairs can assist you at sipa_osa@columbia.edu. If applying to a Columbia University dual degree program, you must submit separate applications to each school. For a list of Columbia dual-degree programs click here. It is possible to create two applications in our system, but you should only do so if you are absolutely sure. This is one of those circumstances where it might make the most sense to contact our office if you do not feel you understand all of the details. You can reach us at sipa_admission@columbia.edu.

Leadership Leadership And Leadership - 1605 Words

Leadership Examined There have been many great leaders down through history. Leaders that have influenced change throughout many aspects of society. Great leaders have great influence. The effectiveness of a leader is determined by his leadership style. With so many styles to choose from, and the fact that not one style fits all situations, becoming an effective leader is a challenging task. One reflective note is that it is important to cultivate good leadership skills. One must evaluate personal strengths and weaknesses and consider making changes as the situation demands a different leadership style. (Origitano, 2015) Leadership Profile Assessment of an individual’s strengths and weaknesses makes it possible for the individual to grow†¦show more content†¦There are four types of leadership that stood out in my studies. The four types are: Situational Theory, Visionary Leadership, Blake-Mouton Managerial Grid, and Transformational Leadership. Each of these styles show varying ways to lead that I have seen exemplified in the lives of leaders through history, the Week 4 case study, and administration in school districts I have served. Situational Theory. The Situational theory proposes that leaders choose the best course of action based upon situational variables. Different styles of leadership may be more appropriate for certain types of decision-making. In the Week 4 case study, the situation called for a different type of leadership than presented by the superintendent. He came into the meeting with an authoritative style. Presenting his vision and expectations. No consideration was given to the principals, who felt their role was that of instructional leadership to their campuses. The superintendent expected collaboration, but only brought about conflict with his proposal. In the situation he should have been more democratic and communicated with the principals prior to the meeting and then validated their concerns. (Cherry) Visionary Leadership. When considering leadership, it would be difficult to overlook the most prominent of our Founding Fathers, George Washington. George Washington was a visionary leader. A visionary leader has a vision that he is able to instill in

Why The Aging Workforce Has Hurt Productivity - 1339 Words

Abstract In years past the older generation was thought of being less productive, surveys provide the evidence that puts this in perspective Within their data one can find the importance of the older workforce when it comes to the labor market. It is relevant to note that compared to the years past the older workforce of today is well educated. Looking at their higher earnings and retiring later this can be seen as the explanation for this fact. It has also been proven that a more productive worker will remain in the labor force longer than those who are not as industrious. There has been little evidence that those considered as members of the aging workforce have hurt productivity. Introduction Observing the influence of†¦show more content†¦Mature, well-informed, and farther qualified workers are usually more fruitful and earn better hourly earnings than youthful, not as knowledgeable, and have a reduced amount of experience. These assertions can be verified in analyses of practicing workers, as well as the earning histories of Social Security over a lifetime (Bosworth, Burtless, and Steuerle, 2000). New challenges are happening due to the fact there has been a jump in the life expectancy numbers, causing many over the age of 55 to delay their retirement. As the populace grows older, it calls for the work correlation to go forward. Occupation tasks as we know them may have to be re-discussed or adjusted. In the article â€Å"Today is the Tomorrow-You Worried About Yesterday: Meeting the Challenges of a Changing Workforce† author Nancy B. Kiyonga touches upon what she sees as issues facing those within Human Resources dealing with the aging workforce. The article explains how she feels that the practices of Human Resource managers in organizations need to come to the realization that the aging workforce is not only a challenge but an opportunity as well. There is a need to strategize and come up with ways to retain this population, reviewing â€Å"the role of human resources management in workforce and succession planning† and the â€Å"status of workforce and succession planning efforts today† (Kiyonaga, 2004). Here s what most executives see when

America Before and After Revolution Free Essays

The way of life in the colonies before the Revolution was far more different than the way of life after the war. The colonies were completely run by Britain and didn’t have to fend for their own needs. Trading, taxing, and other parts of the economy were run by the mother-country. We will write a custom essay sample on America Before and After Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, during the Revolutionary War, idealists like Thomas Paine produced concepts that fruited the idea for a more republican society. These new beliefs were reflected in the Declaration of Independence, after the war it played a huge part in the Articles of Confederation, and it was later the ideas established in the American Constitution. In the years before the Revolution, the colonies were still growing. The New World was a melting pot for different European cultures and social status played a huge part in how people viewed each other. Even though the colonists left Britain to escape social structure, they found themselves once again ranking people by how educated they were or how much money or land they had. The landowners were better off than the widowed, the poor and the indentured servants. But it was possible for citizens to earn their way into a higher class. Much like after the Revolution, the slaves had no worth and were at the bottom of the pyramid. Education was only offered for men to prepare them for ministry and it taught them the dead language of Latin that was important for interpreting the Bible’s scriptures. The link to religion was prominent in politics as well. A majority of the colonies were run by Parliament appointed officials that had close ties to the established churches of the colonies. The early years of the colonies were revolved around religion and were greatly affected by how England ran their government. England’s hierarchical society was all that the colonist knew and it wouldn’t be for a hundred years before they would find new ways to establish the colonies. Trading in the colonies was heavily intertwined with Britain. No trading with other countries was permitted unless it went through England’s ports first. The  British Empire  used them as a source of raw resources and as a source of taxes to pay for  Britain’s many wars and ventures. However, agriculture, fishing, lumbering and other industries had a large impact on the development of the Americas. It was the first time that the colonies were producing things by themselves and providing their own goods helped instill confidence in the colonists. The American Revolution forever changed the colonies. The colonies were now a loosely united group of states, called the United States of America, and colonists now considered themselves American instead of English. The common man was given more rights and control. Laws like primogeniture were abolished and people were able to tend to their affairs freely. The institution of slavery was weakened and some Northern states even abolished it. After the American Revolution, America was free to industrialize and sell goods to other countries at more favorable prices, no longer being locked into an unfair trading monopoly with the British. Industry and manufacturing increased because of the high demand from other countries, thus broadening their amount of trade. Financial wizards like Alexander Hamilton led the States into what would be one of the most economically dominant countries of the world. How to cite America Before and After Revolution, Papers

The Crucible Background Notes Essays - Salem Witch Trials

The Crucible: Background Notes PART B Arthur Miller was an American play writer and novelist. He was born in New York on Oct. 17, 1915, and attended the University of Michigan. He began his career as a radio script writer. As his lifestyle began to calm down, Miller decided to marry Inge Morath. Arthur Miller was well regarded as an excellent American writer. In fact some critics consider him as having the most serious attempt to gain as much attention as the Greek and Elizabethan writers did. His talent of writing began to exceed standards set by other american writers, and this allowed him to become a two time winner of the New York Drama Critics Circle Award. His awards did not distract him from his work, as he continued to win awards such as the Pulitzer Prize, [from the story: Death of a Salesman (1949)] and the Antoinette Perry Award. Of all these awards, the one that he may value the most is the gold medal that he was awarded for dramatic arts from The National Institute of Arts and Letters in 1959. As an American writer, Arthur Miller published dramas including: All My Sons (1947) Death of a Salesman (1949) The Crucible (1953) A View from the Bridge (1955) A Memory of Two Mondays (1955) After the Fall (1963) Incident at Vichy (1964) The Price (1968) The Creation of the World and Other Business (1972) Arthur Miller's first and only screenplay that he produced was released in 1960, and was called "The Misfits", starring Marilyn Monroe. He also wrote a short story called "I Don't Need You Any More", in 1967. His novels included: Focus (1945) In Russia (1969) In the Country (1969) Arthur Miller lead an exciting and most interesting lifestyle. For further information on his life, there is a published autobiography on Arthur Miller, and it is called "Timebends". PART A Question #9 Salem & The Puritans Salem was originated by the puritans in the early 1600's, and is part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. It originated eight years after The Mayflower's journey to the "New world". The Mayflower was the first ship to bring settlers to the Massachusetts area. The new group of settlers that came, consisted of Puritans. These People were in search of religious freedom ever since the late 1500's, during the time of King James I. They thought that the church of England treated its people unfairly, and thus disapproved of the church, believing that it needed "Purification". As the people belonging to this Puritan group became stronger in spirit and size, they decided to make a request to King James I to start up their own religious group and make their own version of the bible. The Kings reply at this time was a mere approval, but later this caused controversy, and the Puritans were forced to be taken to the "New world", or face persecution. The first settlement found by the Puritans was Jamestown, located in Virginia. Other settlements were also founded by the Puritans this way, one being Boston. Salem Witch Hunts In reality, the story of "The Crucible" is a recreation of certain events that went on during the early 1700's. Because of dramatic purposes, some of the characters characteristics have been combined into one character. The number of people in certain scenes have been reduced. Only the main ones were kept to keep the point of the story stable. Some of the main characters lived the same lives as told in the story, and unfortunately some died the same way also. There are many legends of witchcraft in the Salem area. Most of them are true, but as time passed on the outline changed. In "The Crucible" it was noted that Parris was voted from office, and never really heard of again. Abigale on the other hand turned up becoming a prostitute in Boston. Twenty years after the executions of Salem, the government allowed the victims that were still alive certain compensations. Even though all seemed to be resolved, it was evident around the town that witchcraft was still going on, and that some of the truth was still not heard of. Some of the homes of the victims that were dead remained

Stetson University Admissions and Acceptance Rate

Stetson University Admissions and Acceptance Rate As two-thirds of applicants are admitted to Stetson University each year, students with good grades and strong writing skills have a good chance of being accepted to the school. Interested students will need to submit an application, official high school transcripts, letters of recommendation, and a writing sample. SAT and/or ACT scores are not required.   Neither are campus visits, although they are encouraged for all applicants. You can apply with the Common Application or use the applications available on the universitys website. Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) Stetson University Acceptance Rate: 66  percentGPA, SAT and ACT graph for StetsonTest Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: - / -SAT Math: - / -SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanTop Florida college SAT score comparisonAtlantic Sun Conference SAT comparisonACT Composite: - / -ACT English: - / -ACT Math: - / -What these ACT numbers meanTop Florida college ACT score comparisonAtlantic Sun Conference ACT comparison Stetson University Description Stetson University has four campuses in Florida, but the main undergraduate campus is in DeLand Florida, west of Daytona Beach. The other campuses are in Celebration, Tampa, and Gulfport. Founded in 1883, the university has a rich history and the DeLand campus is on the National Register of Historic Places. Explore the campus with the  Stetson University Photo Tour. The university has an 11 to 1  student / faculty ratio, and students can choose from 60 majors and minors. Business fields are the most popular among undergraduates, but Stetsons strengths in the liberal arts and sciences earned the school a chapter of the prestigious  Phi Beta Kappa  Honor Society. Students can choose from a wide range of clubs and activities, and on the athletic front, the Stetson  Hatters  compete in the NCAA Division I  Atlantic Sun Conference. Their colors are green and white and the mascot is John B. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 4,357  (3,089 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 42  percent male / 58 percent female99% Full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $43,240Books: $1,200 (why so much?)Room and Board: $12,326Other Expenses: $3,000Total Cost: $59,766 Stetson University Financial Aid (2015 -16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 100 percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 100 percentLoans: 62  percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $31,082Loans: $7,942The deadline for most Stetson University scholarships is February 15. Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Business Administration, Elementary Education, English, Finance, Marketing, Political Science, Psychology What major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 79  percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 56 percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 64 percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Football, Golf, Soccer, Baseball, Tennis, Track and Field, BasketballWomens Sports:  Lacrosse, Rowing, Soccer, Track and Field, Volleyball, Basketball, Golf Admissions Information for Other Florida Colleges and Universities: Eckerd | Embry-Riddle | Flagler | Florida | Florida Atlantic | FGCU | Florida Tech | FIU | Florida Southern | Florida State | Miami | New College | Rollins | Stetson | UCF | UNF | USF | U of Tampa | UWF Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

7 Bad Habits You Need to Get Rid of in 2017

7 Bad Habits You Need to Get Rid of in 2017 Often, New Year’s resolutions are about what you’re going to do. I will go to the gym. I will get my house organized. But just as important are the resolutions where you decide to stop doing something. It’s a way to edit your life. Here are seven strategies for turning 2017 into a year of â€Å"no.† (But in a positive way!)1. Say no to jealousy.Comparing yourself to others is a fast track to frustration. Sure, you may not have what others have or be as talented in some areas. And you know what? You might never be, and that’s A-OK. Find the skills and aspects of yourself that are unique- or at the very least, ones that work for you. Focus on building those up so that you shine in your best areas. Forget everyone else†¦ they’re probably just trying to keep up with others as well, and who has time for that kind of endless loop?2. Say no to self-doubt.If you find yourself holding back from speaking up in a meeting because you’re worri ed about how it will be received or what  others will think of you, push past it and speak up. Your perspective is valid. And your ideas could lead to greater things for you or your company. Self-doubt keeps progress from happening.3. Say no to being a lone wolf.If we didn’t need others to be successful, every company would be one person big. You’re part of a team because all of the members’ roles and skills complement each other on the way to getting things done. Ask for help when you need it, and make an effort to bond with your colleagues.4. Say no to inertia.â€Å"Later, I’ll do it later.† â€Å"The time isn’t right.† â€Å"There’s too much going on.† Do any of those sound familiar? The timing will likely never be perfect to start that project or implement your idea. So stop waiting around, and take steps to get started. Even if they’re tiny ones, the first steps can be the hardest- so once you’ve got ten those out of the way, it’ll be that much easier to keep moving.5. Say no to oversharing.Do you post everything you eat on Instagram? Let the world know the status of your date while you’re still on it? Social media creates an environment that encourages us to share our minutiae with the world, but should we? This year, make an effort to hold some things back, and start being more choosy about what you put out there. A little mystery never hurt, right? If your coworker really needs to know what you binged on Netflix last weekend, she can ask.6. Just say no.If you find yourself saying yes to everything because you feel obligated, it’s time to take a choosier approach. Your cousin’s friend’s roommate will be able to find someone else to help him move. Your colleague shouldn’t be depending on you to cover for her every day while she sneaks out for a smoothie. It’s okay to be selective about what you agree to do. Having the power to sa y no empowers you to set and keep your own priorities, instead of letting everyone else set them for you.And finally†¦7. Say no to standing in your own way.It’s easy to confuse fear and hesitance with instincts. When you feel yourself resisting something in your head, ask why. If you can’t come up with a valid reason why you’re avoiding it or otherwise not moving forward, then say no to that little voice and move forward. You are your own resistance, and you are the only one who can get around that.Try the Year of No, and see what happens. This is not an excuse to say no to everything (you’re gonna have to suck it up and do some things you don’t want to do; sorry and welcome to life!), but rather to say no to the things holding you back. You might be amazed at how many yeses you start to get once you start saying no more often!

Concert Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Concert Review - Essay Example Notably, the performers were a combination of instrumentalists and vocalists. Indeed, Mateusz Wolski played the Violin; Inon Barnatan played the Piano, and Julian Schwarz played the cello while Mid-Columbia Mastersingers provided the vocals under the leadership of Jeremy Briggs Roberts. The first to perform was Jeremy Briggs Roberts conducted the live performance while the Mid-Columbia Mastersingers provided the vocals. The performance of Piazzolla’s â€Å"Four Seasons of Buenos Aires† was fascinating and soul fulfilling courtesy of a calm tone, harmonious melody, and smooth texture presented by the vocalists. According to their general expressions, the band appeared prepared to entertain the audience. Although the melody of the set was highly syncopated, I managed to count the 12 bars. The sweet rhythm provided by Mateusz Wolski, the violinist, complemented the melody. The pianist harmonized the performance with a moderate tempo, cool tone, and harmonious melody that rhymed well with the cello played by Julian Schwarz. The performance marked the climax of the concert with high tones, sweet melodies, and precise rhymes. Notably, the live performance corresponds to the classical stylistic period learnt in class. The second performance on stage featured Mateusz Wolski the violinist. The following piece was included in the performance: â€Å"Maracanzo† and â€Å"Four Seasons of Buenos Aires.† Indeed, the combination of the vocalists and instrumentalists in the performance of â€Å"Maracanzo† and â€Å"Four Seasons of Buenos Aires† was so fascinating and entertaining. The form employed was AABB. Specifically, I enjoyed the part played by Mateusz Wolski the violinist since it was melodious, high-pitched, had a moderate tempo, and was so clear and coordinated. Moreover, as a football fan, I identified with the terrific performance of â€Å"Maracanzo† that created a stadium feeling. The performance depicted the memorable 1950

Assignment4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment4 - Assignment Example Pablo Sarozabal’s No Puerde Ser was the final piece in the concert. A couple of songs in native Samoa and Maori were represented during the concert as well. C. Generally, I was attentive listener during the concert. The performance was very engaging and I liked the timbre of the voice of the soloist. It was the first time I had an opportunity to listen to all pieces included in the concert, but I was encouraged to listen to them once again. Unfortunately, Pene Pati does not post his performances online, but he has his YouTube channel. This fact gave me an opportunity to enjoy more of his performances a couple of days after the concert in order to refresh my memory about the quality of his voice. D. The soloist had tenor voice which was easy to notice during the performance. Higher register notes were better accentuated than the lower register. Most of the selected pieces were written for tenor. The soloist was accompanied by piano. Obviously, the soloist and the pianist worked as a team on the stage. Close to the end of the concert, Pati, accompanied by his guitar, represented a couple of songs which were not listed in the program. E. Out of all pieces represented at the concert I enjoyed No Puerde Ser, Go, Lovely Rose and O Mistress Mine most. These pieces revealed the power of Pene in the best way. No Puerde Ser had fast tempo and was not as lyrical as other pieces included in the concert. It included deviations in tempo which made the piece slower when Pati wanted to dwell on separate notes. The song expressed clear Italian motifs. Even without reading the translation of the text it was obvious that it traced a love story. Pati used vibrato very skillfully; he applied it when necessary and did not exaggerated emotional connotation of the piece. In this piece, Sun Ha Yoon added a lot to the texture of the piece by her emotional and professional accompaniment. Overall, the

Relationship Between Building, Dwelling and Notion of Home

Relationship Between Building, Dwelling and Notion of Home Discuss the relationship between building, dwelling and the notion of home, drawing on ethnographic examples, Understanding building as a process enables architecture to be considered as a form of material culture. Processes of building and dwelling are interconnected according to Ingold (2000), who also calls for a more sensory appreciation of dwelling, as provided by Bloomer and Moore (1977) and Pallasmaa (1996) who suggest architecture is a fundamentally haptic experience. A true dwelt perspective is therefore established in appreciating the relationship between dwelling, the notion of home and how this is enframed by architecture. We must think of dwelling as an essentially social experience as demonstrated by Helliwell (1996) through analysis of the Dyak Longhouse, Borneo, to enable us to harbour a true appreciation of space devoid of western visual bias. This bias is found within traditional accounts of living space (Bourdieu (2003) and Humphrey (1974)), which do however demonstrate that notions of home and subsequently space are socially specific. Life activities associated with dwell ing; sociality and the process of homemaking as demonstrated by Miller (1987) allow a notion of home to be established in relation to the self and haptic architectural experience. Oliver (2000) and Humphrey (2005) show how these relationships are evident in the failures of built architecture in Turkey and the Soviet Union. When discussing the concept of building, the process is twofold; The word building contains the double reality. It means both the action of the verb build and that which is builtboth the action and the result (Bran (1994:2)). With regards to building as a process, and treating that which is built; architecture, as a form of material culture, it can be likened to the process of making. Building as a process is not merely imposing form onto substance but a relationship between creator, their materials and the environment. For Pallasmaa (1996), the artist and craftsmen engage in the building process directly with their bodies and existential experiences rather than just focusing on the external problem; A wise architect works with his/her entire body and sense of selfIn creative workthe entire bodily and mental constitution of the maker becomes the site of work. (1996:12). Buildings are constructed according to specific ideas about the universe; embodiments of an understanding of the wo rld, such as geometrical comprehension or an appreciation of gravity (Lecture). The process of bringing structures into being is therefore linked to local cultural needs and practices.[1] Thinking about the building process in this way identifies architecture as a form of material culture and enables consideration of the need to construct buildings and the possible relationships between building and dwelling. Ingold (2000) highlights an established view he terms the building perspective; an assumption that human beings must construct the world, in consciousness, before they  can act within it. (2000:153). This involves an imagined separation between the perceiver and the world, upon a separation between the real environment (existing independently of the senses) and the perceived environment, which is constructed in the mind according to data from the senses and cognitive schemata (2000:178). This assumption that human beings re-create the world in the mind before interacting with it implies that acts of dwelling are preceded by acts of world-making (2000:179). This is what Ingold identifies as the architects perspective, buildings being constructed before life commences inside; the architects perspective: first plan and build, the houses, then import the people to occupy them. (2000:180). Instead, Ingold suggests the dwelling perspective, whereby human beings are in an inescapable cond ition of existence within the environment, the world continuously coming into being around them, and other human beings becoming significant through patterns of life activity (2000:153). This exists as a pre-requisite to any building process taking place as part of the natural human condition.; it is because human beings already hold ideas about the world that they are capable to dwelling and do dwell; we do not dwell because we have built, but we build and have built because we dwell, that is because we are dwellersTo build is in itself already to dwellonly if we are capable of dwelling, only then can we build. (Heidegger 1971:148:146, 16) (2000:186)). Drawing on Heidegger (1971), Ingold (2000) defines dwelling as to occupy a house, a dwelling place (2000:185). Dwelling does not have to take place in a building, the forms people build, are based on their involved activity; in the specific relational context of their practical engagement with their surroundings. (2000:186). A cave or mud-hut can therefore be a dwelling.[2] The built becomes a container for life activities (2000:185). Building and dwelling emerge as processes that are inevitably interconnected, existing within a dynamic relationship; Building then, is a process that is continuously going on, for as long as people dwell in an environment. It does not begin here, with a pre-formed plan and end there with a finished artefact. The final form is but a fleeting moment in the life of any feature when it is matched to a human purposewe may indeed describe the forms in our environment as instances of architecture, but for the most part we are not architects. For it is in the very process of dwelling that we build. (2000:188). Ingold recognises that the assumptive building perspective exists because of the occularcentristic nature of the dominance of the visual in western thought; with the supposition that building has occurred concomitantly with the architects written and drawn plan. He questions whether it is necessary to rebalance the sensorium in considering other senses to outweigh the hegemony of vision to gain a better appreciation of human dwelling in the world. (2000:155). Understanding dwelling as existing before building and as processes that are inevitably interconnected undermines the concept of the architects plan. The dominance of visual bias in western thought calls for an appreciation of dwelling that involves additional senses. Like the building process, a phenomenological approach to dwelling involves the idea that we engage in the world through sensory experiences that constitute the body and the human mode of being, as our bodies are continuously engaged in our environment; the world and the self inform each other constantly (Pallasmaa (1996:40)). Ingold (2000) recommends that; one can, in short, dwell just as fully in the world of visual as in that of aural experience (2000:156). This is something also recognised Bloomer and Moore (1977), who appreciate that a consideration of all senses is necessary for understanding the experience of architecture and therefore dwelling. Pallasmaa (1996) argues that the experience of architecture is multi -sensory; Every touching experience of architecture is multi-sensory; qualities of space, matter and scale are measured equally by the eye, ear, nose, skin, tongue, skeleton and muscleArchitecture strengthens the existential experience, ones sense of being in the world and this is essentially a strengthened experience of the self. (1996:41). For Pallasmaa, architecture is experienced not as a set of visual images, but in its fully embodied material and spiritual presence, with good architecture offering pleasurable shapes and surfaces for the eye, giving rise to images of memory, imagination and dream. (1996:44-45). For Bloomer and Moore (1977), it is architecture that provides us with satisfaction through desiring it and dwelling in it (1977:36). We experience architecture haptically; through all senses, involving the entire body. (1977:34). The entire body is at the centre of our experience, therefore the feeling of buildings and our sense of dwelling within them arefundamental to our architectural experience (1977:36).[3] Our haptic experience of the world and the experience of dwelling are inevitably connected; The interplay between the world of our bodies and the world of our dwelling is always in fluxour bodies and our movements are in constant dialogue with our buildings. (1977:57). The dynamic relationship of building and dwelling deepens then, whereby the sensory experience of architecture cannot be overlooked. It is the experience of dwelling that enables us to build, and drawing and Pallasmaa (1996) and Bloomer and Moore (1977) it is buildings that enable us to hold a particular exper ience of that dwelling, magnifying a sense of self and being in the world. Through Pallasmaa (1996) and Bloomer and Moore (1977) we are guided towards understanding a building not in terms of its outside and the visual, but from the inside; how a building makes us feel.[4]Taking this dwelt perspective enables us to understand what it means to exist in a building and aspects of this that contribute to establishing a notion of home. Early anthropological approaches exploring the inside of a dwelling gave rise to the recognition of particular notions of space that were socially specific. Humphrey (1974) explores the internal space of a Mongolian tent, a family dwelling, in terms of four spatial divisions and social status; The area away from the door, which faced south, to the fireplace in the centre, was the junior or low status halfthe lower halfThe area at the back of the tent behind the fire was the honorific upper partThis division was intersected by that of the male or ritually pure half, which was to the left of the door as you enteredwithin these four areas, the tent was further divided along its inner perimeter into named sections. Each of these was the designated sleeping place of the people in different social roles. (1974:273). Similarly, Bourdieu (2003) analyses the Berber House, Algeria, in terms of spatial divisions and two sets of oppositions; male (light) and female (dark), and the internal organ isation of space as an inversion of the outside world. (2003:136-137).[5] Further to this, Bourdieu concentrates on geometric properties of Berber architecture in defining its internal as inverse of the external space; the wall of the stable and the wall of the fireplace, take on two opposed meanings depending on which of their sides is being considered: to the external north corresponds the south (and the summer) of the insideto the external south corresponds the inside north (and the winter). (2003:138). Spatial divisions within the Berber house are linked to gender categorisation and patterns of movement are explained as such; the fireplace, which is the navel of the house (itself identified with the womb of the mother)is the domain of the woman who is invested with total authority in all matters concerning the kitchen and the management of food-stores; she takes her meals at the fireside whilst the man, turned towards the outside, eats in the middle of the room or in the courtya rd. (2003:136). Patterns of movement are also attributed to additional geometric properties of the house, such as the direction in which it faces (2003:137). Similarly, Humphrey (1974) argues that individuals had to sit, eat and sleep in their designated places within the Mongolian tent, in order to mark the rank of social category to which that person belonged,; spatial separation due to Mongolian societal division of labour. (1974:273). Both accounts, although highlighting particular notions of space, adhere to what Helliwell (1996) recognises as typical structuralist perspectives of dwelling; organising peoples in terms of groups to order interactions and activities between them. (1996:128). Helliwell argues that the merging ideas of social structure and the structure or form of architecture ignores the importance of social process and overlook an existing type of fluid, unstructured sociality (1996:129) This is due to the occularcentristic nature of western thought; the bias of visualism which gives prominence to visible, spatial elements of dwelling. (1996:137). Helliwell argues in accordance with Bloomer and Moore (1977) who suggest that architecture functions as a stage for movement and interaction (1977:59). Through analysis of Dyak peoples lawang (longhouse community) social space in Borneo, without a focus on geometric aspects of longhouse architecture, Helliwell (1996) highlights how dwelling space is lived and used day to day. (1996:137). A more accurate analysis of the use of space within dwelling can be used to better understand the process, particularly with regard to the meanings that it generates in relation to the notion of home. The Dyak longhouse is a large structure built at up to three and a half metres above ground with a thatched roof stretching up to eight metres in height. Within the longhouse are a number of apartments side by side. These are seven names spaces running the length of the longhouse which are described as the inner area of the longhouse; the cooking, eating and sleeping area. An outer gallery are can be used by anyone, freely at anytime. (1996:131-133). Previous structuralist categorisation of these inner and outer areas as public and private domains have led to misrepresentation of relations between individual households and the wider longhouse community (1996:133). Spatial separation lies between us the longhouse community (lawang) and those outside of the longhouse community them. (1996:135). Helliwells recognition of the lack of spatial division within the longhouse community is the primary indicator of a more fluid type of sociality for the Dyak people. She highlights that previous structural approaches denoting each apartment as private has left little awareness of social relationships that operate between apartments, and considers the longhouse as a single structural entity, regardless of the single apartments that it is composed of; relationships are clearly marked: neither the seven spaces, nor the wall between swah (the world out there) and lawang, stop at the edges of any one apartment. Rather, they continue in identical form, into those on either side and so on down the entire length of the longhouse. (1996:137).The partition between apartments in the longhouse marks the edge of one apartment from another which visually appears to separate. However, Helliwell points out that they are composed of weak bark and materials stacked against one another, leaving gaps of all sizes in the partitions. Subsequently, animals pass through, people hand things back and forth and neighbours stand and talk to one another (1996:137-138). She describes the partitions as a highly permeable boundary: a variety of resources moves through it in both directions. (1996:138). It is the permeable partition that is therefore the core of longhouse sociability; its properties stimulate sharing in accordance with a flow of light and sound from one end of the longhouse to the other. (1996:138). A community of voices exists within a longhouse, flowing up and down its length as invisible speakers appear in monologue. The Dyak people, although invisible to one another, speak to their neighbours through these permeable boundaries in continual dialogue; they are profoundly present in one anothers lives. Through the sounds of their voices, neighbours two three, four or five apartments apart are tied into each others worlds and each others company as intimately as if they were in the same room. (1996:138). These voices create what Helliwell describes as a tapestry of sound, containing descriptions of a days events, feelings of individual women shared whilst they are alone in her apartment, subsequently affirming and recreating social connections across each apartment and reaffirming their part within the longhouse community. (1996:138-139). In addition, Helliwell highlights that their voices were not raised; (their) very mutedness reinforced, the sense of membership in an intimate, privileged worldgentle and generous in their reminder of a companionship constantly at hand. (1996:139). Here we begin to see Helliwells notion of fluid sociality and the experience of dwelling as a whole a social one. In addition to sound, the social fluidity of dwelling in a Dyak longhouse is reinforced by light from individual apartments and their hearths flowing up and down the longhouse at night. Each person is aware of their neighbours presence, with the absence of light from an apartment provoking concern. (1996:139). In essence, Helliwell stresses the sociality of dwelling, aside from spatial appreciations of the architecture in which it takes place. Although partitions mark the space of a Dyak household, they concomitantly incorporate a household into the wider longhouse community; It is this dual flow (sound and light) which constitutes each independent household as coterminous with all others and with the longhouse community as a whole. (1996:138). This creation of community brings to light the ways in which people use architecture, not just to mark divisions of space, but to implement and enable sociality. This is highly relevant for a true anthropological appreciation of dwelling and in particular its relationship with the notion of home. Dwelling is inevitably connected to the process of homemaking through its aspects of sociality as a physical and bodily experience within the built (Brand 1994:2) and as a fundamentally social experience. Architecture as a physical form of shelter that enfr ames the process of homemaking; what Ingold (2000) terms life activities (2000:185) and the coming together of people. Through acknowledgement of the social aspects of dwelling we can establish notions of home, which are primarily constructed on the dynamic relationship of building and dwelling and the aspects of sociality that occur through the dwelling process; life activities (Ingold (2000:185) and home-making, involving, kinship, memory, play, eating, ritual, and birth among other anthropological themes. A relationship emerges then, between dwelling and the notion of home, a dynamic relationship facilitated by the built, (Brand (1994:2)) taking place within architecture. Houses are defined by Carsten and Hugh-Jones (1995) as places in which the to and fro of life unfolds, built, modified, moved or abandoned in accord with the changing circumstances of their inhabitants. (1995:1). Home emerges as an architectural space which enframes the processes and characteristics associated with dwelling. Ingold (2000) suggests that a house is made, not constructed (2000:175). More specifically, Miller (1987) draws attention to the process of home-making through which the built becomes a home by a process of consumption and appropriation by tenants on a London council estate in England. He argues that through consumption and appropriation of their domestic space, tenants are able to develop and establish a sense of self (1987:354). This is in response to feeling like passive recipients of housing, alienated from society by being perceived as a particular class and at a level of poverty. (1987:357). Miller argues; on the wholethere was considerable evidence to suggest that the white population felt a deep unease about their household consumption status as tenants, reflected in resentment and feelings of being stigmatised. Furthermore they clearly associated the fitments provided in the kitchen with the council, as objects embodying in their materiality the intrusive signification of their status. (1987:365-366). In response, tenants transformed and changed their kitchens in different ways after having been given the same basic facilities by the council. (1987:356). This included alterations and renovations to fitted cupboards, standard plumbing and energy supplies and original black lino floors in addition to decorations, curtains and new white goods (1987:357). For Miller, kitchens became canvases (1987:360) for the tenants; The largest cluster comprised kitchens where substantial changes had been made to the decorative orderthese kitchens retained the original plain white surfaces. Instead, a large number of additional objects had been brought in and used, as it were, to cover the cupboards up.teatowels, breadboards, teacosies and trays were very common and often associated with a particular aesthetic of large bold flowers, cats, dogs and bright patterns. As well as being placed on surfaces, breadboards and trays were typically placed vertically against the walls with their face forward to emphasise their decorative nature. Post-cards, souvenirs, cuttings from magazines and pictorial calendars might be hung or stuck on the wallsthere was also the biographical patterneach piece appeared to be a momento of family or holidays, as in the commercial nostalgia style in which the relation between objects was maintained in the memories of the occupants but not expressed visually. (1987:361-362). Tenants properties subsequently became personalised, replacing and diverting attention from aspects of their kitchens they saw as indicators of their negative housing status (1987:362).[6] The implementation of kitchen aesthetics and other modes of creativity is one way of home-making, establishing a notion of home in accordance with establishing a sense of self. Connected to this, is the sociality of home making; aspects of marriage and kinship also highlighted by Miller, with females directing and viewed as recipients of expenditure and males undertaking renovations; In two cases i t was particularly clear that the couples were seen as coming together to overcome their status as tenants, and affirming the power of kinship and marriage in this struggle. (1987:367).[7] The notion of home reaffirms the concept that space is socially specific; the process of homemaking as an aspect of dwelling, related to how we live within time and space. When professional architects and builders ignore the needs, obligations and beliefs of socially specific people, the notion of home becoming disrupted, the result is an unsuccessful dwelling place. Oliver (2000) underlines that when the Kutahya Province in Turkey suffered an earthquake in 1970, fifty thousand homeless people were accommodated in fifteen thousand newly built dwellings. (2000:121). He comments that the accommodation, designed by architects, was suitable for the British 2.2 nuclear family as three room, single storey houses, quite unsuited to the extended peasant families, who were used to living on the upper floors of large two storey houses, storage, crops and cattle underneath them.(2002:121). A maximum of eighteen people lived in a house at one time, parents occupying one room, sons, their wives a nd children in others. The sofa was a communal space for meals, and privacy was strictly guarded. (2002:121). The emergency housing was small and unsuitable for the large peasant families; large windows caused them to be on show, there was no sofa and the living room opened on to the bedrooms. The toilet was external and public even though the people were discrete about bodily functions. (2000:121-122). In providing unsuitable buildings inconsiderate towards socially specific ideas of space, earthquake victims had no choice but to accept the offered housing or receive no other help. (2000:122). Oliver (2000) shows the architects failure, who; may design responsibly, but the process fails when he ignores the values, morals, building skills, experience and wisdom of the cultures whose housing needs are to be met. (2000:125). Notions of home can be varied,[8] but home and dwelling are inevitably connected through experiences and particular conceptions of how to dwell in terms of appropriate space and related activities. Other state built homes have caused the notion of home and its relationship with dwelling and architecture to be affirmed. Soviet construction of communal dwellings during the 1920s onwards attempted to impose meaning on inhabitants; that of socialist infrastructure to produce socialist men and women devoid of individuality and a bourgeois way of life (Humphrey (2005:40)). The result was unsuccessful, inhabitants not adopting socialist ways of being, but the meanings the architecture was intended to impose being subverted in Russian fiction and memoirs; example s of Russian imagination.(2005:43).[9] This Soviet example illustrates that meaning cannot be made through architecture and emphasises Miller (1987) and the process of home making. It is the process of home-making; the activities associated with dwelling and the sociality that it generates that establishes a home, a building being merely a container in which this takes place. The relationship between building and home therefore involves how we live in time and space, the process of homemaking challenging the structures that we build. Ingold (2000) suggests that dwelling is something that enables building. The opposite standpoint would be that it is building that enables human beings to dwell within architecture. Whatever ones view, it is inevitable that dwelling takes place, and eventually continues to take place within architecture, whether this is in vernacular form; a cave, hut or a barn, or provided by the nation state. It is a social fact that human beings build and dwell. Building and dwelling are inevitably interconnected, existing in a dynamic relationship with one another. Understanding this from a standpoint lacking in western visual bias, it is the process of dwelling; life activities (2000:185), its sociality and inevitable connection with building that exists in relation to the notion of home. Meaning is not made in the structure of a building it is dwelling; activities and social relations that creates and enables a meaning of home to be established in accordance with the self through haptic archit ectural experience and the home-making process. Pallasmaa (1996) argues that the meaning of a building is beyond architecture; The ultimate meaning of any building is beyond architecture; it directs our consciousness back to the world and towards our own sense of self and being. (1996:42). The relationship is evident when socially specific conceptions of space and inevitably particular notions of home are ignored; the architecture being unsuitable for dwelling, or failing in its primary purpose of imposing meaning. It can be said that building, dwelling and notions of home are united in an overarching relationship between human beings and their lived environment; the search for meaning and establishment of the self, in this case through forms of architectural experience. Bibliography Bloomer, K. Moore, C. (1977) Body, Memory and Architecture, Yale University Press   Bourdieu, P. (2003) The Berber House, in Low, S. Lawrence-Zuniga, D. (eds.) The Anthropology of Space and Place Blackwell, Oxford Brand, S. (1994) How Buildings Learn: what happens after theyre built. Phoenix, London Carsten, J. Hugh-Jones, S. (1995) About the House, Cambridge University Press Heidegger, M. (1971) Building, Dwelling Thinking in Poetry, language thought, trans. A. Hofstadter. New York, Harper and Row in Ingold, T. (2000) The Perception of the Environment Routledge, London. Helliwell, C. (1996) Space and Sociality in a Dyak Longhouse in Jackson, M. (ed.) (1996) Things as they are Bloomington: Indiana University Press Humphrey, C. (1974) Inside a Mongolian Tent in New Society 235-275 Humphrey, C. (2005) Ideology in infrastructure: architecture and Soviet imagination, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 11 (1) 39-58 Ingold, T. (2000) The Perception of the Environment, Routledge, London. Kahn, L. (1973) Shelter, Bolinas, Shelter Publications. Miller, D. (1987) Appropriating the State on the Council Estate, in Man (NS) 23, 353-372 Oliver, P. (2000) Ethics and Vernacular Architecture, in Fox, W. (ed.) (2000) Ethics and the Built Environment, Routledge, London. Pallasmaa (1996) The Eyes of the Skin, Academy Editions

Brand Management of Cadbury

Cadbury: The Brand The Cadbury brand enjoys a high level of brand equity in Ireland. Research shows 96% of consumers recognise the brand, while 74% state that when it comes to chocolate, only Cadbury’s will do! There are three main brand name strategies: Family brand names: The parent brand is also known as an â€Å"umbrella† brand. This term is given to product ranges where the family brand name is used for all products. The advantage of this approach is that positive associations with the parent brand will transfer to all sub-brands.The risk however, is that if one brand is unsuccessful or falls into disrepute, the reputation of the complete family of brands can be tarnished. Cadbury is a family brand. ? Individual brand names (or multibrands): In this case each brand is created and named separately and has a separate identity. Using a family brand may not be suitable as the brand values may be too far apart. ?Combination brand names: This approach allows for the opti mal use of the corporate (family) brand name, while allowing an individual brand to be identified, e. . Cadbury Dairy Milk. Developing brand identity BRAND PYRAMID A brand pyramid can help managers plan and analyse a brand’s identity. The top tier of the pyramid consists of the brand core. Brand core values are the genetic code of the brand and remain the same over time. Closely related to these values is the brand proposition: the promise the brand makes to consumers. This proposition should be easy to understand and appeal to the target market.The middle tier represents the brand style; or elements of the brand’s identity that represent the self image of the brand and need to be relatively stable over time. The base of the pyramid is formed by the brand themes which are concerned with how the brand currently communicates through its advertising, packaging, physical appearance etc. Brand themes are flexible and change with fashion, technological developments and chang ing consumer tastes.The brand pyramid helps managers understand the strengths of the brand and ensure consistency of its message. This also helps to identify opportunities for brand stretching and brand extensions. A brand extension is the use of a well known brand name on a new product within the same broad market or product category. We will discuss this in relation to the Dairy Milk brand. Brand stretching is the use of an established brand name in unrelated markets or product categories. Brand Extensions and Elements Cadbury India Cadbury is mainly into three segments Chocolates – Cadbury India is the market leader in the chocolate confectionery market in India with over 70 per cent market share. The leading brands in this category are Cadbury’s Dairy Milk, Fruit & Nut, Crackle, Temptations, 5 Star, Perk & Celebrations Gift boxes. †¢ Sugar Confectionery – Cadbury Dairy Milk Eclairs is one of the leading brands in this category. It is amongst the largest eclair brands in the market in terms of value share. Cadbury also owns Halls (which was acquired as a part of the global acquisition of the Adams business from Pfizer in 2003).Halls is amongst the largest brands in its segment of Minty/ Breath freshness brands in India. †¢ Food Drinks – Cadbury’s Bournvita is a leading brand in the brown drinks segment of milk/ malted food products. Cadbury’s other products include Drinking Chocolate and Cocoa powder. Overall share in the malted food drinks market is estimated to be around 19 per cent. The company has recently made a foray into snacking category with Cadbury Bytes, its sweet snacking brand. The company has been performing well in India.

Marketing 4Ps - 1874 Words

In today’s multi-faceted business environment, it is generally agreed that a strong customer-driven marketing strategy can give one an edge over his competition. Designing it, however, did not prove to be so straightforward. It is therefore this reflection paper’s aim to ponder over the various aspects that I have found intriguing and glean insights from them. Firstly is the â€Å"Marketing Mix† aspect, specifically the 4 P’s framework – Product, Pricing, Placing Promotion. The 4 P’s is one of the best known frameworks for a marketing plan, of which the aim is ultimately to fulfil a basic marketing purpose – Putting the right product in the right place, at the right price, and at the right time. Getting all aspects of this framework is†¦show more content†¦As for the Placing aspect, the dilemma existed whereby in order to position ourselves as a high street fashion brand, a retail store had to be open at a prime location such as Ion. The rental for such locations, however, would strain our budget even further. To put it in perspective, the rental costs for an Ion level 1 space is $29 per square feet whereas the rental costs for Ang Mo Kio Hub is a mere $19 per square feet. That adds up to almost $40k difference per year for a store of 330 square feet, which is an extremely large sum for a start- up company. We eventually decided that it was worth the risk, but had to make careful budget adjustments to manage our finances. Next issue of interest is the importance of an action plan. Why is an action plan so important? Without an action plan, all we have is a broad strategic plan. Think of it like making a resolution for a new year – you may state that you plan on losing weight, however you do not add in specific details as to how you are going to do it . A concrete action plan ensures that one stays focused and has a clear idea of what to do and when to do it by. The group that did the project â€Å"Fitting Reality† had an impressive action plan which was both detailed and tailored to account for contingencies. That way, should anything go wrong, there would still be plans to fall back onto instead of the whole project being thrown into disarray. AnotherShow MoreRelated4ps of Marketing4239 Words   |  17 PagesPolitical Marketing in India By Prof. Gurinder Singh Ahluwalia GJIMT, Mohali. Abstract Political Marketing has already become a subject of serious study and research in the US and the West but not quite so in India in particular. Political parties prefer to rely on the experts from within the party to design its campaign strategy though advertising is outsourced to the professional advertisers. 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Sexuality Reflection - 1620 Words

â€Å"Males do not represent two discrete populations; heterosexual and homosexual. The world is not to be divided into sheep and goats, and not all things are black nor all things white. It is a fundamental of taxonomy that nature rarely deals with discrete categories. Only the human mind invents categories and tries to force facts into separated pigeon- holes. The living world is a continuum in each and every one of its aspects. The sooner we learn this concerning human sexual behavior, the sooner we shall reach a sound understanding of the realities of sex.† (Kinsey, 1948, p. 639). PSY3122 with Krystelle Shaugnessy aimed and succeeded to do exactly that — leave students with a sound understanding of the realities of sex†¦show more content†¦Women in those positions may feel threatened and helpless, but if we rebut this type of behaviour there is strength in numbers. This idea has made clear to me how important it is to advocate for those who may not feel comfortable enough to advocate for themselves. I no longer plan on being a bystander or witness to sexual coercion, but rather will actively make a point to defend women who are clearly uninterested and appear pressured by a man’s advances. In today’s society, it is especially important for women to empower other women as well as themselves. Moreover, a further change in attitude was induced by addressing the notion of the hierarchy of stories. Previously, I would find myself silently judging a variety of couples that I knew based on their apparent incompatibility. Learning that ea ch relationship is subject to a love-script, and that there is substantial variation between the scripts of individual relationships, allowed me to recognize that though some couples may seem weird to me, they may be enjoying a pleasurable and fulfilling relationship. 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